Wild, H. & Pope, G.V. (1977)
The Compositae of the Flora Zambesiaca area. 7. Vernonieae (excluding Vernonia). Kirkia 10(2) 339-384
Description of the genus
Annual or perennial herbs. Stems striately ribbed. Leaves sessile, alternate, entire or serrate. Capitula homogamous and discoid, in lax corymbose cymes. Flowers purple to dark mauve.
Achenes c. 4-ribbed, with glandular trichomes sunk in scattered pits between the ribs. Pappus 1-seriate, of caducous setae